Energy- and Latency-Aware Multicast Routing with Localized Maintenance for Mobile Information Networks

• Zubair Khalid

  Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Sariab Road 87, Department of Information Systems Engineering, Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan

  Author

• Imran Junaid

  Khushal Khan Khattak University, Karak Bypass Road 22, Department of Software Technology and Analytics, Karak, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

  Author

• Ariful Islam

  Dhaka, Bangladesh

  Author

Mobile information networks increasingly rely on group communication primitives to disseminate sensor updates, situational awareness messages, and content streams to dynamically changing sets of receivers. Multicast routing in these settings must contend with two constraints that often conflict in practice: limited node energy budgets and stringent end-to-end latency requirements. Mobility further complicates the problem by forcing frequent topology changes, which can make globally maintained multicast structures expensive to repair and prone to transient performance degradation. This paper studies energy- and latency-aware multicast routing under mobility with an emphasis on localized maintenance, where repair actions are constrained to a small neighborhood around a disruption to reduce control overhead and preserve data-plane continuity. We formalize a time-varying network model that captures link availability, transmission power adaptation, queuing delay, and receiver dynamics, and we define a multiobjective optimization target that balances energy expenditure against latency while penalizing excessive reconfiguration. Building on this model, we develop a distributed multicast construction procedure that uses locally measurable link metrics and delay-feasible forwarding choices, and we integrate a localized maintenance mechanism that reacts to link failures using bounded-scope rerouting and soft-state stabilization. We provide analytical characterizations of feasibility and cost, including conditions under which localized repair preserves delay constraints and bounds on additional energy induced by mobility. Finally, we discuss evaluation methodology and expected operating regimes, highlighting trade-offs among energy, latency, and maintenance locality in representative mobile information network scenarios.

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